EAAE
TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN BAUHAUS
EAAE ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2022
Book of Abstracts
MADRID August 31th – September 02nd 2022
Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura (ETSAM) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
PUBLISHER
European Association for Architectural Education
ISBN 978-9-08-312712-5
EDITORS
Oya Atalay Franck, ZHAW School of Architecture, Design and Civil Engineering
Manuel Blanco Lage, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Rodrigo de la O Cabrera, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Nicolás Mariné, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Diego Toribio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Eduardo de N. Santos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
GRAPHIC & EDITORIAL DESIGN
Dous.studio
Published:
2022-12-31
Preface
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The Bauhaus, old and new, represents the link between production and experimentation, a model capable of covering all scales: from the detail to the building, and from the building to urban and territorial planning.
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EAAE aims to ensure the education and empowerment of the future generations of architects, designers and planners – leading to careers as socially responsible, culturally engaged creative citizens.In its quest for building an inclusive and sustainable future, also the New European Bauhaus initiative relies on empowered and educated citizens.
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The NEB is the seed of a project full of hope that has started in Europe, but its momentum is unstoppable and wants to spread to the rest of the world. Within Spain, our school of architecture is currently a reference institution in this field. The ETSAM cooperates with the Spanish Government, Directorate-General for Urban Agenda and Architecture, to analyze, promote and position our country’s contribution to the NEB at an international level.
NEB and Contemporary Design
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Architects appear torn between pursuing an irreducible specificity of their profession and the need to constantly negotiate that specificity with a variety of other actors, from the politician to the technician to the citizens’ association. Architectural design is a collective practice, but the model that is transmitted and reproduced in the design studio is often that of architects who follow their own unique, creative idea.
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In the last ten years the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Zagreb has been developing and practicing inclusive methodologies for innovative planning and programming developments in the public domain. Stakeholders from different sectors (civil, government, academic and business) have various perspectives on what public interest is and how it should be achieved. In complex strategic decision making SDGs play an important role as criteria in evaluating certain action, solution or policy and its benefits to the environment, the social realm or economics.
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The importance of empowering and engaging citizens in the shaping of their living environments to ensure a sustainable and affordable development and promote a sense of community has been highlighted in recent years (UN-Habitat). Citizens and professionals (architects, public institutions, private enterprises) are called to adopt new roles within the spatial design and provision process, which often challenges the ability of the latter to respond effectively to the rising need for a communityengaged design approach.
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In Romania, the abandoned post-industrial buildings or sites were valued by developers based on a tabula-rasa, top-down approach, by demolishing the existing and building commercial areas or housing units at maximum capacity, even above. We propose a different approach based on participatory planning, using the Urban Design Management (UDM) methodology. It was developed at the University of Helsinki and brought to us through a Social Challenges EU project.
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To understand the context, from the physical through the sociological to the economic, the architect must conduct field research. For a long time, that primarily meant a tour of the location, but recently, the importance of collecting the opinions of all actors of spatial development is becoming highly recognized. Roughly speaking, these are four groups: the local government members; various expert groups representatives; representatives of companies interested in investment and development; and specific or future potential users. Moderating the conversation of all these groups...
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That architecture is a multidisciplinary practice is not novelty. In western history, architects describe their profession as an assemblage of expertise which, one might think, can hardly be performed by just one individual. This is the case in Vitruvius’ The Ten Books on Architecture where he stated that an architect has to be conversant in matters related to geometry, history, philosophy, music, medicine, jurisprudence, astronomy, and the theory of the heavens.
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In the morning of July 26, 1963, Skopje was struck by an earthquake that left more than 80% of buildings in ruins. This unfortunate event was followed by unprecedented effort by UN to reconstruct the city. Skopje was considered an international symbol of solidarity as it was rebuilt with the aid of almost 90 countries, demonstrating the ability of the international community led by the UN for a large endeavor of constructing the future city.
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Literally translated ‘Bauhaus’ means ‘Build house’. The notion seems to resonate the often uncritical attitude of educational programs in architecture and urbanism towards greenfield development. To be honest, the number of assignments that challenge students to design something new on pristine land still overwhelms the number of questions that ask them to think about an architecture that goes along with reclaiming open space. As the European Commission has set the ambition in 2015 to evolve for all member states to a situation of no net land take in 2050, it is time for architecture...
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Architecture that evolves with the landscape -both natural and culturalis a call to re-examine today’s realities within the framework of climate change, limited resources and an unprecedented flow of migration around the globe; furthermore, landscape is an important constituent of place making along the European South, where well-being and a sense of freedom stem from the moderate climate and the prolonged life outdoors. Natural environment, local materials and landscape are also discussed as the treasures of the Southern European cultural continuum where inherent values of heritage and...
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The basic design-Vorkurs-education of Bauhaus had two main effects on 20th century design education: Firstly, it was the practice of extracting knowledge from object viewed through abstraction, enabling this knowledge to lead to new processes, and second was to give student ability to question conventions to produce a visual information.
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The New European Bauhaus doesn’t propose just a new way of interpreting health and welfare into a new sustainable productive paradigm but may well determine a deep re-establishment of our way of conceiving and inhabiting the European area. All along the Twentieth Century and at the beginning of the new, cities have been the greatest human aspiration places but resulted in consumption models of natural resources – ground, air, water, vegetation – to the degree of “being human on earth” (Berque A, 1996) reached a critical point. In the same period, countryside has been “forgotten” although...
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The high ambitions for renewable carbon technologies, increasing electricity demand and technological developments are opening more opportunities in small-scale generation. This may push zero-carbon electricity production closer to the final users/prosumers, of which the majority lives in cities and urbanised areas.
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In the 20th century, technology gained world scale and accelerated our time. We believed that we were freeing ourselves from geographical, corporeal, and temporal ties. However, beyond all the climatic changes that we were devaluing, the covid-19 pandemic made our human and vulnerable side more evident. It became clear that we should move towards the 21st century, recognizing the paradigm shift that leads to a new urban condition as NEB strives to inspire.
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To deal with global challenges we face such as climate change, the New European Bauhaus vision depends on educated and empowered citizens. According to this initiative, architecture and urban planning are only effective when a multidisciplinary approach is applied. This is even more important when integrating sustainability into design education and research.
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The modernistic urbanism treated cities as top-down way constructed machines and caused a significant transformation form city of places to city of spaces which could not be effectively addresses even if New Urbanism or related models are formally employed in urban planning. It should be recognized that urban place creation and placemaking is not possible without effective public participation which because of various reasons, especially in Lithuania, is not effective. The presented research is based on combination of two approaches while working in historical Šančiai neighborhood...
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The UN estimates that 68% of the world population will live in urban areas by 2050. This, combined with the overall population growth could add 2.5 billion people to already overcrowded cities. Prompting many countries to face challenges in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations. Reconciling urban sprawl, verticality and the lack of housing will force us to adapt to greater density and new housing typologies. With more and more people moving into cities, understanding the key trends in urbanization will be crucial in implementing the Sustainable Development goals proposed...
NEB and Critical Positions
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This case study presents a new way to teach design studio based in the case study method employed by the business schools. In the same way the Bauhaus looked for a new way to teach and do architecture this case used the Frankfurt kitchen as a n example to debate things as important nowadays as prefabrication or the role of sociology and gender in architecture.
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The formation of qualified environments requires evaluation of sociocultural as well as physical aspects. The improvement of the physical quality of the environment means the production of safe, useful, and healthy interior and exterior spaces. In this context, sustainability, resilience and biodiversity have to be carefully considered in relation to the protection of the environment. However, in order for societies to continue their existence and to be reproduced, the environment has to bear meanings which reflect the values and needs of the users, and it has to be suitable for social...
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Looking at the Old Bauhaus of Gropius, the topic of gender equality was already present; there would be no distinction, showing a progressive vision. It was, however, equality only on paper, with little validation in practice. The New European Bauhaus reframes past ambitions, encompassing the new SDGs and assuming a crucial role in guiding spatial transformations bridging the intersection between spatial and social/gender justice. The contribution proposes to recast the discipline of architecture by its encounter with feminist methodologies, investigating through a research-by-design...
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This research experience was developed in the frame of an “idea consultation” involving 20 Italian schools of architecture and aiming at the renovation of 18 existing educational complexes in the city of Mantua. Our research group designed a complex consisting of primary school, kindergarten and nursery school, conceived as an urban ecosystem interacting with the multi-ethnic community characterizing the Lunetta neighborhood. The proposed permeable linear system multiplies the different active environments available to the school and neighborhood communities in order to involve local...
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There is a plan to be able to opt for a better future, and this is the wellknown 2030 Agenda. An opportunity for us to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. The seventeen sustainable development goals and the targets linked to them contained in the 2030 agenda seek, among other objectives, the elimination of poverty, the universalization of quality education, achieve equal rights between genders, the defence of the environment, the construction of a decent and safe human habitat or lay the foundations to build equitable and inclusive development. It does not aspire to provide...
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Housing needs change depending on the social situation, financial and technological potentials, the availability of functional solutions, and aesthetic expectations. An apartment is more than a building or part of it. This is the space where the Home is being built.
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There is a key point in architectural education that should be clarified to improve the legitimation of architects and urban planners in the digital and global world of today: The relationships between experience and knowledge in architectural and urban design theories and practices. Our proposal refers to the historical seminar in MOMA in 1948 about a similar topic, since it is the definition of modernity related to the old and new Bauhaus experiences that is involved in architectural education today.
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The stage workshop was integral to the historical Bauhaus. Experimenting with dance and theater, it added body, space, and movement studies to the design curriculum. The interdisciplinary “High-Level Roundtable” of the New European Bauhaus initiative falls somewhat short in representing this field. Therefore, this paper literally calls to action. It outlines the importance of a New European Bauhaus Stage, speculates on how such a project may look like, and critically reflects on its promises and pitfalls. What can we learn from the historical Bauhaus Stage? What can the disciplines of...
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The Bauhaus was active for only about fifteen years (1919-1933), but despite this short lifespan, it was able to be very influential in the field of education and practice worldwide. This study examines the causes of Bauhaus’s success and global influence from the perspective of the three pillars of each school, teacher, student, and place of education. Bauhaus recruited major, international figures and well-known avant-garde artists associated with prominent artistic groups around the world. Bauhaus also hired aspiring junior masters. This team of teachers made the Bauhaus dynamic,...
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What does it mean to ‘rescue’ a modernist project like the Bauhaus to envision a future? The pedagogical emphasis of the Bauhaus, which sat at the core of its approach to society and the role aesthetic and design practices could play in this, was one premised on learning through making, interdisciplinary practices and design as an enabler, not just mirror, of socio-cultural aspirations and ambitions. What is striking now, over a century later, is how this alternative model of education continues to be espoused as the future. Given the developments in gender and postcolonial studies and...
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At a recent Digital-Live-Design conference (2021), bringing together Swiss art curator, critic and art historian Hans-Ulrich Obrist, Malian writer, film director, and cultural theorist Manthia Diawara and German author, producer and filmmaker Alexander Kluge, the discussion of the need for a New European Bauhaus for this century was addressed. One of the leading intellectual voices in Germany, Kluge specified that a new Bauhaus should not be “so rational and geometric as the historic Bauhaus.” Sparked by his cooperation with Diawara, Kluge made an appeal for a “European-African Bauhaus”...
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The professional practice in architecture is becoming increasingly heterogeneous, specialised and strongly dominated by digitalisation. However, architecture teaching programmes are progressively concentrated in time. It is necessary to consider rigorously on the teaching content and to determine which disciplinary bases need to be maintained or recovered.
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The paper examines the role of commoning practices in data-driven society, placing particular emphasis on their role in the establishment of new agendas in architectural education. As Patrick Bresnihan underscores, in “The More-than-human Commons: From Commons to Commoning”, “[t]he noun ‘commons’ has been expanded into the continuous verb ‘commoning’ to denote the continuous making and remaking of the commons through shared practice.” Stavros Stavrides’s claim that “[c]ommoning practices importantly produce new relations between people” is at the core this paper given that its main...
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The paradigms of the past are being questioned. We now have a desire for rebirth, we aspire for a new vision of the world, and the time has come for the architect to equip himself with his most valuable and unique qualities – the ability to provide a vision of a new world and to convey hope. Today, the proximity between the architect and society is remembered and the academy has been called to participate in this innovative process.
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Krater (ENG. crater) is an ecosystem, a production laboratory, and a practice of composting anthropocentric perceptions of what it means to work and learn while cultivating ground for difficult questions. Krater community sprouted from the neglected, crater-like construction site near the city center of Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 2020. Krater’s urban grounds interconnect more than 200 species and represent an irreplaceable ecological corridor between the city’s eastern and western forests.
NEB and Design Education
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Emerging technologies and digital fabrication have revolutionized architectural education and practice, transforming the methods and tools of making in the design process that progress an idea from creative artistic vision into the fabricated built environment. Contemporary architectural education, pedagogically rooted in Bauhaus principles, must therefore utilize the advantages of these modes of making, fundamentally aligning teaching methodologies to the technologies that forge this process.
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The research project looks at how to integrate indicators for sustainable development into a building information model. The idea is to combine the fields of sustainability, digital construction, and renovation. The case study for the ongoing research is the listed building ‚white-hall’ which is part of a factory site and is going to be transformed into the faculty of architecture of the HEIA-FR.
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Shaping the ideal scan-to-BIM (Building Information Modeling) workflow has been an ongoing goal in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Facility Management (AEC/FM) domains. This innovative workflow autonomously processes raw data to usable 3D models for virtual environments that can be directly utilized. In this case study, several reconstruction techniques were explored such as a highend laser scanner as well as a relatively low-cost LiDAR integrated Tablet.
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This paper will discuss the social role of the architectural education in the continuous reproduction of, not only the disciplinary knowledge, but also the ethos associated with the practices through which an individual utilizes their disciplinary training in placing their social standing. It will be argued that the need to re-evaluate the means and ends regarding the communication between the disciplinary knowledge and professional roles is especially compelling in the field of architecture, with the new agenda that the 21st century has introduced.
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I was trained in the offices of Rem Koolhaas and Herzog & de Meuron between 2010-2019. I was exposed to ideas, processes, methods and attitudes. Architecture, in its expanded field, was constituted through masterplans, buildings, installations, strategies, research and the day to day grind of production. At a certain point, having devoted the best part of a decade to these two practices, I had given all I could and taken all I wanted. I left and entered academia.
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The NEB recognizes the innovative potential of architecture in relation to our society’s need, digging into questions on the position of the discipline of architecture, its practice and its education. Questions that have been looked into within the Erasmus+ “Architecture’s Afterlife” research project. The study investigating the diverse trajectories of architecture alumni, clearly showed that the competencies acquired in architectural education set up a professional modus operandi and identity that can take many forms.
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This abstract is based on the didactic experience and refinement of three curricular units (CUs) in FAUP, which are Photography and Design Communication, articulated with Photography of Architecture, City and Territory. In addition to this, the consolidation of a research work on the uses of diverse visual strategies and representation methods for communicating architecture, city and territory, with a special focus on photography as a transversal media within these areas of study.
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Many students describe the work process at the university as chaotic. There are many courses with different topics and many students with interests known or unknown to their peers and professors. All-nighters are still much more than an exception, and often such practices continue even after graduation during work in the office. In the architectural profession, time planning stands out as one of the project planning processes that has a significant impact on the financial outcome of the project. The course intends to acquaint students with PM processes through application and development...
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The creation of the New European Bauhaus indicates how crucial architects and designers are to take meaningful action in an era marked by the SDGs. Architectural archives provide an excellent field to learn from particular interpretations on how to relate to the built environment. Despite its potential as a valuable tool for research, archives are often disregarded in architectural education, vacating their understanding and interpretation to art and architecture historians.
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The abstract discusses the development of a video-based scenariodriven online PhD supervisor training for the field of artistic research. The resource is developed as part of a transdisciplinary European Erasmus+ project that tackles artistic research within a broad range of disciplines, from performative and visual art to design and architecture. The architectural and artistic research fields are still young and unevenly developed. They include a wide range of approaches, from practicebased research exploring established peer-recognised creative practices to topic-based research...
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Inspired by the study of the Bauhaus, The Architectural Association and the Glasgow School of Art, seventeen students in their final year of Architecture at Nottingham Trent University, designed their final projects with sustainability as a core foundation. This Atelier – “The New Bauhaus? Re-thinking Architecture: Sustainability is sexy” – was divided into two groups to develop the research behind their design projects. The first group revolved around ideas of building sustainably; the second one, which I led, embraced sustainability as building and supporting resilient communities,...
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The materiality of architecture, however, forms an intangible heritage that becomes an integral part of the tangible heritage. The destruction of Ukrainian cities due to war raises the question of the destruction of collective memory, which in turn encourages reflection on heritage and memory in general. Considering physical destruction along with the destruction of paradigms caused by war and anticipating the upcoming post-war restoration of Ukrainian cities, a necessity for the rethinking of approaches and focuses in architectural education comes to light. A discussion on the...
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It seems possible that in recent times the concept of the architectural aesthetic has come to be treated with a certain amount of distrust. There is, I think, a perception that the term ‘aesthetic’ has become shorthand for the implication that when an architectural language – it doesn’t matter which language – is evident in a work it only serves to remind us that in the world of spatial arrangement there are those who get to determine the aesthetic and those for whom aesthetics are determined.
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We introduce the BioDigital platform as the third Digital Turn, enabled by the incorporation of “BioElectrical Systems” (BES) into urban contexts (PHOENIX, 2022). Using metabolically generated electricity produced by microbial biofilms, BES are accessible by directly visualizing their electrical transactions on a screen (the BioDigital interface) and are characterized by three pedagogical and technological principles: i) (up to 12V) power generation, ii) (microbial) information and iii) biochemical transformation. Integrating life-flows between microbes (comprising the metabolic base of...
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The issues raised within the New European Bauhaus directly point to the question of the collective, both as a spatial as well as a social notion. In its physical manifestation, the spatial imprint of collectivity has a direct relation to the cultural and climactic context. While many implications of answering these issues can be shared regardless of geographical position, when talking about the physical framing of collectivity we can find common denominators among countries in southern Europe, in their traditions, way of life, relationship to open space, but also challenges facing urban...
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The architectural disciplines are called for a strong and inspiring position in current challenges of European societies. In public and political debates, their role for the ecological reconfiguring of the whole building sector, for the transition of cities to climate-neutrality and resilience, but also for social inclusion, accessibility, and affordability is increasingly acclaimed. And, in particular by the initiative New European Bauhaus, the holistic approach of architecture is seen as an asset, not at least for a cultural and behavioural change to sustainability that stresses the...
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The aim of this paper is to discuss how mutualist associations (MA) in Portugal can contribute for the sustainability of communities and territories, namely in terms of health, well-being and welfare of the communities and territories resilience, in alignment with sustainable development goals number 3, 11 and 17 from a multi and transdisciplinarity.
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Time is one of the lesser-addressed elements of the hidden curriculum, which fundamentally shapes architectural pedagogy not only in its temporal organization but also in the values, character, culture, motives, and even the architect figure it informs. The notion of time has culturally been assigned meanings and roles; a framework, a limitation, evaluation criteria, a commodity, a source, a route to follow, etc. Paradigm shifts such as the transition to a formal, universitarian system, the commodification of time as a marketing tool, or the reorganization of time-space through online...
About the conference
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The 2022 Annual Conference of the European Association for Architectural Education took place as a hybrid event including keynote lectures, round tables and paper sessions. The conference was hosted by the ETSAM School of Architecture at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
